Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yezimoto zamandla amasha ibilokhu ithuthuka ngokushesha, kanti iShayina ifinyelele ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimoto, ubuchwepheshe bayo bebhethri buhola umhlaba. Ngokuvamile, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza kunganciphisa izindleko, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi kanye namanani ancishisiwe emikhiqizo yokugcina. Namuhla, lesi sihloko sihlaziya umbono wezindleko zamabhethri kagesi ezimoto zamandla amasha, sigxile ekutheni abathengi bangakwazi yini ukukhokhela izimoto zamandla ezintsha ezingabizi kakhulu ngemva kokuthengiswa kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion.
01 Ukwakheka Kwezindleko Zezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla
Izindleko eziyinhloko zezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile emkhakheni wezimoto ezintsha zamandla cishe zimi kanje:
Kusukela kudatha ekugrafu, kusobala ukuthi ibhethri liyisici esikhulu kunazo zonke esithonya izindleko zemoto iyonke. Njengoba izindleko zebhethri zanda, zidluliselwa emikhiqizweni yokugcina ngokungenakugwenywa. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zebhethri lamandla zinqunywa kanjani?
02 Izindleko Zokwakheka Kwamabhethri Kagesi
Ngokusobala, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni izindleko zebhethri lamandla. Idatha ekhishwe yi-China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance ikhombisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala konyaka odlule, intengo emaphakathi yezinto ezijwayelekile ze-ternary lithium battery cathode ikhuphuke ngo-108.9%, kuyilapho intengo emaphakathi yezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate battery cathode ikhuphuke ngo-182.5%. Intengo emaphakathi ye-ternary lithium battery electrolytes ikhuphuke ngo-146.2%, kanti eye-lithium iron phosphate battery electrolytes ikhuphuke ngo-190.2%. Amabhethri ajwayelekile awakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-lithium, ngakho ake sibheke izitayela zamanani ze-lithium carbonate, i-lithium hydroxide, kanye ne-lithium iron phosphate:
Ukwanda kwamanani entengo yebhethri le-lithium kubangelwa yingqondo imboni ye-lithium ebhekane nayo eminyakeni emibili yokwehla okuqhubekayo, okuholele ekunciphiseni kokunikezwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko esheshayo yezimoto ezintsha zamandla nayo iqhubekisele phambili isidingo samabhethri e-lithium. Amazwe emhlabeni wonke azibekele imigomo yokufaka ugesi ezimotweni, okwandisa ukuphikisana kokunikezwa kwezidingo futhi kwaholela ekwenyukeni okuqhubekayo kwamanani ezinsizakusebenza zamabhethri e-lithium. Kulesi simo, amabhethri kagesi angakhuphuki kanjani entengo?
03 Angakanani Amabhethri e-Sodium-ion Anezindleko Ezingcono Zokusebenza Kwezimoto Ezintsha Zamandla?
Njengoba imithombo yamaminerali ye-lithium ilinganiselwe kakhulu eMhlabeni, kusukela ngo-2020, izindawo zokugcina i-lithium ore (i-lithium carbonate) emhlabeni wonke zaziyi-128 million tonnes, kanye nemithombo yamathani ayizigidi ezingu-349, ikakhulukazi ezisatshalaliswa emazweni afana neChile, i-Australia, i-Argentina, neBolivia. I-China isendaweni yesine ngokwezindawo zokugcina i-lithium eziqinisekisiwe, ezibalelwa ku-7.1%, kanye neyesithathu ekukhiqizweni kwe-lithium ore, ezibalelwa ku-17.1%. Kodwa-ke, usawoti we-lithium waseShayina awusezingeni eliphansi futhi kunzima ukukhiqiza nokucubungula. Ngakho-ke, i-China ithembele kakhulu ekungeniseni i-lithium concentrates yase-Australia kanye nosawoti we-lithium waseNingizimu Melika. I-China njengamanje ingumthengi omkhulu we-lithium emhlabeni jikelele, ebalelwa cishe ku-39% wokusetshenziswa ngo-2019. Esikhathini esifushane, imithombo ye-lithium ilinganiselwe ngenxa yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, futhi esikhathini eside, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuzovinjelwa yimithombo ye-lithium. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri e-sodium-ion, anezindawo zokugcina eziningi, izinzuzo zezindleko kanye nokuphepha, angaba yindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri esikhathini esizayo.
Eqinisweni, kusukela ngoJulayi 2021, i-CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) yayisivele ikhiphe ibhethri le-sodium-ion futhi yamemezela ukuqaliswa kokuhlelwa kwayo kwezimboni, kanti uchungechunge oluyisisekelo lwezimboni luzokwakhiwa ngo-2023. Enye indaba enhle ukuthi ngomhlaka-28 Julayi ngonyaka odlule, umugqa wokuqala wokukhiqiza ibhethri le-sodium-ion eliyi-1 GWh emhlabeni waqedwa eFuyang, eSifundazweni sase-Anhui. Izimoto ezintsha zamandla ezisebenzisa ibhethri le-sodium-ion azikude kakhulu.
Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezisebenzisa ibhethri le-sodium-ion ngokusebenza kahle kwezindleko nakho kuzofaka isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zokuhlanzeka kagesi emadolobheni kulo lonke elaseShayina. I-YIWEI Automotive ibilokhu izibophezele ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-chassis yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezizinikele, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zamandla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile zokulawula amandla afakwe ezimotweni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwezimoto kanye nobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu. Besilokhu sihamba phambili embonini yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezizinikele futhi silandele eduze ubuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla, silethe amakhasimende emkhakheni wezimoto ezizinikele izimoto ezintsha zamandla ezingabizi kakhulu, ezisebenzayo, nezisebenziseka kalula.
Xhumana nathi:
yanjing@1vtruck.com +(86)13921093681
duanqianyun@1vtruck.com +(86)13060058315
liyan@1vtruck.com +(86)18200390258
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-22-2023
